Monday, July 13, 2020

Long Term Effects of COVID-19


As more people recover from the Novel Coronavirus (Covid-19), I have seen some frightening trend, that the Governments going gung-ho about how effective the recoveries are… and have been highlighting the recovery rate vis-à-vis the infections on a time-line.  Just because all these people have recovered does not mean that their health has gone back to being normal.  Because Covid-19 is a new disease, there are no studies about its long-lasting after effects.  However, we have read about virus attaching itself to human cells in many parts of the body and penetrate many major organs, including the heart, kidneys, brain, and even blood vessels.

There have been many articles written and ongoing studies, on the long-term after effects of COVID-19 and Doctors treating COVID-19 Patients and seeing the recoveries have since stated that people who recover may not get back to the normal way they were before and has warned that the “This infection not only can cause mortality, but it can also cause disability”... of various kinds, that will require life-long support and care.  

Studies that are being done on recovered patients have since unearthed cases of people having long-lasting after effects like difficulty in breathing, permanent lung-damage and confused, disturbed thinking.  Contracting heart stroke is another example of people having complications after recovering from COVID-19. 

COVID-19 and Lung Infections

John Hopkins Studies have shown that COVID-19, can cause pneumonia and, in the most severe cases, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or ARDS. Sepsis is another possible complication of COVID-19, causing long-lasting harm to various organs.   

[Sepsis is a potentially life-threatening condition caused by the body's response to an infection. The body normally releases chemicals into the bloodstream to fight an infection. Sepsis occurs when an infection reaches, and spreads through, the bloodstream, causing tissue damage everywhere it goes, thus causing organ failure and cooperation between various organs of the human body].

Super-Infection

Doctors have also warned about a condition called Super-Infection where a person while having COVID-19 has his immune system working against the Virus, but leaving the body more vulnerable to other infections like bacterial or viral on top of the COVID-19 — a superinfection.

[Read the John Hopkins Article here :

Heart Damage

While the entire focus of COVID-19 has been its effect on respiratory problems and securing enough ventilators, doctors treating the patients at many countries, including part of Kerala, India have observed something extraordinary.  People who have recovered from COVID-19 have since developed heart complications and have been dying of Cardiac Arrest.  Doctors have observed in countries like US, Italy, Spain and Kerala, India that the virus can infect the heart muscle and the damage could be in 20% of the patients. 

While it is true that a severe pneumonia or even a hip-surgery can lead to severe stress on the heart leading to heart failure, doctors have warned that Covid-19 infection can directly damage the heart muscles. 

Doctors from China published two studies that gave the first glimpse at how prevalent cardiac problems were among patients with COVID-19 illness. The larger of the two studies looked at 416 hospitalized patients. The researchers found that 19% showed signs of heart damage. And those who did were significantly more likely to die [Study report related to the same https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2763524?resultClick=1]. 

Neurological Effect of COVID-19

In some instances, doctors have observed that neurological effects were the first manifestation of the Covid-19 disease. While primarily a respiratory disease that attacks the lungs, COVID-19 has impacted unrelated symptoms, such as memory loss or even loss of taste and smell that can persist for months beyond the initial infection period, suggesting a neurological impact 

A study of neurological symptoms of 43 patients hospitalized in the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery in London with confirmed or suspected cases of COVID-19, was conducted and almost 12 people were diagnosed with inflammation of the central nervous system, including nine cases of ADEM (acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, a fatal condition of the brain). A further 10 patients experienced delirium or psychosis. Eight patients suffered strokes, including one that was fatal, and another eight had peripheral nerve damage. 

At least two patients also developed strange behaviour shortly after being discharged from the hospital. One woman, as described in the paper, repeatedly donned and took off her coat, and began hallucinating lions and monkeys, inside her home. Another woman became drowsy and ultimately needed emergency surgery to relieve the pressure on her brain.

Pending Visits to Hospitals

Due Corona Virus and conversion of regular hospitals to Special Covid Hospitals, many of the chronic patients of regular diseases have bene postponing their scheduled visits to doctors and hospitals for months now.  It is quit likely that such patients will have a flare-up of the existing chronic conditions and can even prove fatal, because they have not been following up on their regular check-ups and treatments. There have even been cases of surgeries being delayed/cancelled or not being able to undertake because of stress in hospitals. 

Psychological Effect of Social Distancing Protocols

Social distancing protocols and lock-downs have caused people to remain at home, and many have become job-less, putting a stress on the general mental health of the society.  At an individual level, people have been deprived of their personal space and private moments, causing frustration and depression.  Even for kids, being shunted at home with online studies, missing their friends and regular physical activity, will have a lasting impression on the regular mental health of the children.   

Summary

We have seen the pandemic affect almost a billion people and if in the course of time and at the same time the disease has been around only for months now, we will have millions of recovered people and if even a small percentage of such people develop long-term complications such as above, we are looking at a large population having various organ defects affecting their ability to work go about with their daily lives. 

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Long Term Effects of COVID-19

As more people recover from the Novel Coronavirus (Covid-19), I have seen some frightening trend, that the Governments going gung-ho abou...